Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a German Lutheran pastor and theologian, stood as a beacon of faith in the darkest times of Nazi Germany. Born into a distinguished family in Breslau on February 4, 1906, Bonhoeffer's early years were marked by academic excellence, earning his Doctor of Theology by age 21. Initially, his approach to religion was largely intellectual, a pursuit shaped by his studies at the Universities of Tübingen and Berlin.
Faith Deepened Through Suffering
A pivotal transformation occurred during his time at Union Theological Seminary in New York in 1930. Here, exposure to the vibrant faith of the Black church in Harlem and conversations with French pacifist Jean Lasserre deepened his spiritual conviction. Bonhoeffer began to view the teachings of Jesus, particularly the Sermon on the Mount, as a call to action.
Costly Grace vs Cheap Grace
Ordained on November 15, 1931, Bonhoeffer became a vocal opponent of the Nazi regime from its onset in 1933, particularly decrying its anti-Semitic policies. He called for a 'costly grace'—a life of obedience and sacrifice—opposing the passive 'cheap grace' that excused inaction.
Christian Resistance in Nazi Germany
As a founder of the Confessing Church, Bonhoeffer resisted Nazi attempts to control Protestant churches and trained new pastors in an underground seminary at Finkenwalde. His commitment to living out his faith led him to join a plot to assassinate Hitler, believing it necessary to prevent further atrocities. Despite opportunities to remain abroad, Bonhoeffer chose to return to Germany, sharing in the suffering of his people.
Pastor Executed for Faith
Arrested by the Gestapo on April 5, 1943, Bonhoeffer spent two years in prison. His letters from this period reveal a profound faith, exploring themes of 'religionless Christianity' and the role of belief in a secular world. On April 9, 1945, he was executed at Flossenbürg concentration camp. A fellow prisoner recounted Bonhoeffer praying calmly before his execution, embodying the peace he wrote about.
Bonhoeffer's legacy endures through his writings, challenging believers to live with courage and integrity. His concept of 'costly grace' invites Christians to move beyond nominal faith to genuine discipleship, a testimony to the love and justice of God.
